Transforming Growth Factor Alpha (TGFa)

ETGF; TGF-A; Protransforming Growth Factor alpha; EGF-Like TGF

SPN	W590
HGNC	11765
MGI	98724
PubMed	10684787
RGD	3849
UniProt	P01135
Wiki	TGF_alpha

Transforming growth factor (TGF) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors, TGFα and TGFβ.TGFα is produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes, and induces epithelial development. It is closely related to EGF, and can also bind to the EGF receptor with similar effects . TGFα stimulates neural cell proliferation in the adult injured brain.TGFα was cited in the 2001 NIH Stem Cell report to the U.S. Congress as promising evidence for the ability of adult stem cells to restore function in neurodegenerative disorders.

TGF-alpha shows about 40% sequence homology with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and competes with EGF for binding to the EGF receptor, stimulating its phosphorylation and producing a mitogenic response.

Reference

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Cell 38:287-297(1984) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A novel low molecular weight ribonucleic acid (RNA) related to transforming growth factor alpha messenger RNA."
Mol. Endocrinol. 2:1056-1063(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human transforming growth factor alpha: sequence analysis of the 4.5-kb and 1.6-kb mRNA species."
Gene 132:291-296(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Transforming growth factor-alpha: characterization of the BamHI, RsaI, and TaqI polymorphic regions."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53:168-175(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFA): genomic structure, boundary sequences, and mutation analysis in nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate and cleft palate only."
Genomics 61:237-242(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human keratinocytes and tumor-derived cell lines express alternatively spliced forms of transforming growth factor-alpha mRNA, encoding precursors lacking carboxyl-terminal valine residues."
Oncogene 18:5554-5562(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4."
Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The human transforming growth factor alpha promoter directs transcription initiation from a single site in the absence of a TATA sequence."
Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5549-5554(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"TGFA: exon-intron structure and evaluation as a candidate gene for Alstrom syndrome."
Clin. Genet. 55:61-62(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of disulfide bond position in proteins and sequence analysis of cystine-bridged peptides by tandem mass spectrometry."
Anal. Biochem. 201:216-226(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cysteines 153 and 154 of transmembrane transforming growth factor-alpha are palmitoylated and mediate cytoplasmic protein association."
J. Biol. Chem. 271:28502-28508(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A role for a PDZ protein in the early secretory pathway for the targeting of proTGF-alpha to the cell surface."
Mol. Cell 3:423-433(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cornichon regulates transport and secretion of TGFalpha-related proteins in metazoan cells."
J. Cell Sci. 120:2454-2466(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"EGF receptor-independent action of TGF-alpha protects Naked2 from AO7-mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:13433-13438(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Solution structures of human transforming growth factor alpha derived from 1H NMR data."
Biochemistry 29:7805-7813(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The solution structure of human transforming growth factor alpha."
Eur. J. Biochem. 198:555-562(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Solution structure of human type-alpha transforming growth factor determined by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and refined by energy minimization with restraints."
Biochemistry 32:7334-7353(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]