Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI1)

SERPINE1; PLANH1; Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor Clade E Member 1; Nexin,Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Serpin E1; Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor

SPN	W278
HGNC	8583
MGI	97608
PubMed	16273237
RGD	3249
UniProt	P05121
Wiki	PAI1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis (the physiological breakdown of blood clots). It is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein (SERPINE1).

The other PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) is secreted by the placenta and only present in significant amounts during pregnancy. In addition, protease nexin acts as an inhibitor of tPA and urokinase. PAI-1, however, is the main inhibitor of the plasminogen activators. PAI-1 is mainly produced by the endothelium (cells lining blood vessels), but is also secreted by other tissue types, such as adipose tissue.

Reference

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Gene 84:447-453(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The organization of the human-plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene. Implications on the evolution of the serine-protease inhibitor family."
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"Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1: reactive center and amino-terminal heterogeneity determined by protein and cDNA sequencing."
FEBS Lett. 209:213-218(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"cDNA cloning and expression in E. coli of a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) related to a PAI produced by Hep G2 hepatoma cell."
FEBS Lett. 210:11-16(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of a PAI-1 binding site in vitronectin."
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1208:104-110(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) deficiency: characterization of a large kindred with a null mutation in the PAI-1 gene."
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"Matriptase-3 is a novel phylogenetically preserved membrane-anchored serine protease with broad serpin reactivity."
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"Resveratrol-induced changes of the human adipocyte secretion profile."
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Nature 355:270-273(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

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Nat. Struct. Biol. 2:891-897(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Interfering with the inhibitory mechanism of serpins: crystal structure of a complex formed between cleaved plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and a reactive-centre loop peptide."
Structure 6:627-636(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The active conformation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, a target for drugs to control fibrinolysis and cell adhesion."
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"Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Structure of the native serpin, comparison to its other conformers and implications for serpin inactivation."
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"Mutational analysis of the genes encoding urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 in advanced ovarian cancer."
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"Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes."
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Erratum
Nat. Genet. 23:373-373(1999)