Granzyme A (GZMA)

CTLA3; HFSP; HF; H factor; Granzyme 1; Fragmentin-1; Hanukkah factor; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Serine Esterase 3; CTL tryptase; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 1

SPN	W211
HGNC	4708
MGI	109266
PubMed	15780992
RGD	628640
UniProt	P12544
Wiki	Granzyme_A

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.Held et al. (1990) studied the expression of the gene for granzyme A during the development of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the mouse, where progressive destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells occurs after infiltration of the pancreas with lymphocytes.

Reference

"Cloning and chromosomal assignment of a human cDNA encoding a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific trypsin-like serine protease."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:1184-1188(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5."
Nature 431:268-274(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Glucocorticoid-induced alternative promoter usage for a novel 5' variant of granzyme A."
J. Hum. Genet. 52:172-178(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human cytotoxic lymphocyte tryptase. Its purification from granules and the characterization of inhibitor and substrate specificity."
J. Biol. Chem. 263:13215-13222(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of three serine esterases isolated from human IL-2 activated killer cells."
J. Immunol. 141:3142-3147(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of granzymes A and B isolated from granules of cloned human cytotoxic T lymphocytes."
J. Immunol. 141:3471-3477(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Granzyme A activates an endoplasmic reticulum-associated caspase-independent nuclease to induce single-stranded DNA nicks."
J. Biol. Chem. 276:43285-43293(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Tumor suppressor NM23-H1 is a granzyme A-activated DNase during CTL-mediated apoptosis, and the nucleosome assembly protein SET is its inhibitor."
Cell 112:659-672(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cleaving the oxidative repair protein Ape1 enhances cell death mediated by granzyme A."
Nat. Immunol. 4:145-153(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The exonuclease TREX1 is in the SET complex and acts in concert with NM23-H1 to degrade DNA during granzyme A-mediated cell death."
Mol. Cell 23:133-142(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry."
J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Comparative molecular model building of two serine proteinases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes."
Proteins 4:190-204(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The oligomeric structure of human granzyme A is a determinant of its extended substrate specificity."
Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:527-534(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of the apoptosis-inducing human granzyme A dimer."
Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:535-540(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]