Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)

PTHLH; HHM; PTHR; PLP; Osteostatin; Parathyroid Hormone Like Hormone

SPN	V992
HGNC	9607
MGI	97800
PubMed	16831900
RGD	3441
UniProt	P12272
Wiki	PTHRP

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (or PTHrP) is a protein occasionally secreted by cancer cells (breast cancer, certain types of lung cancer including squamous cell carcinoma). However, it also has normal functions.

PTHrP acts as an endocrine, autocrine/ paracrine, and intracrine hormone. PTHrP is related in function to the "normal" parathyroid hormone. When a tumor secretes PTHrP, this can lead to hypercalcemia. As this is sometimes the first sign of the malignancy, hypercalcemia caused by PTHrP is considered a paraneoplastic phenomenon. PTHrP shares the same N-terminal end as parathyroid hormone and therefore it can bind to the same receptor (the Type I PTH receptor). PTHrP aids in normal mammary gland development and lactation as well as placental transfer of calcium.

Reference

"A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression."
Science 237:893-896(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of a cDNA encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide from a human tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:597-601(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of the human parathyroid hormone-like peptide gene. Functional and evolutionary aspects."
J. Biol. Chem. 264:7720-7725(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human renal carcinoma expresses two messages encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide: evidence for the alternative splicing of a single-copy gene."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:4605-4609(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure of the 5' flanking region of the gene encoding human parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP)."
Gene 77:95-105(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Parathyroid hormone-related protein purified from a human lung cancer cell line."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:5048-5052(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Isolation and characterization of the human parathyroid hormone-like peptide gene."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2408-2412(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A carboxyl-terminal peptide from the parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts."
Endocrinology 129:1762-1768(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption within a highly conserved pentapeptide region of parathyroid hormone-related protein; PTHrP107-111."
Endocrinology 129:3424-3426(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"C-terminal parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells."
J. Bone Miner. Res. 12:778-785(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Parathyroid hormone-related protein-(107-139) inhibits bone resorption in vivo."
Endocrinology 138:1299-1304(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP): a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein with distinct paracrine and intracrine roles."
Vitam. Horm. 66:345-384(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular dissection of the importin beta1-recognized nuclear targeting signal of parathyroid hormone-related protein."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282:629-634(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Minireview: parathyroid hormone-related protein as an intracrine factor -- trafficking mechanisms and functional consequences."
Endocrinology 144:407-411(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"PTHrP promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion in an integrin alpha6beta4-dependent manner through activation of Rac1."
Cancer Lett. 298:119-127(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The structure of human parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) in near-physiological solution."
FEBS Lett. 444:239-244(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular basis for the recognition of a nonclassical nuclear localization signal by importin beta."
Mol. Cell 10:1345-1353(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structural basis for parathyroid hormone-related protein binding to the parathyroid hormone receptor and design of conformation-selective peptides."
J. Biol. Chem. 284:28382-28391(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers."
Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Deletion and point mutations of PTHLH cause brachydactyly type E."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86:434-439(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]