Call Now

Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4)

RGP4; SCZD9; Schizophrenia Disorder 9

Regulator of G protein signaling 4 or RGS4 is a protein which regulates G protein signaling. A number of studies associate the RGS4 gene with schizophrenia,while some fail to detect an association.RGS4 is also of interest as one of the three main RGS proteins (along with RGS9 and RGSz) involved in terminating signalling by the mu opioid receptor, and may be important in the development of tolerance to opioid drugs. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 protein is 37% identical to RGS1 and 97% identical to rat Rgs4. This protein negatively regulate signaling upstream or at the level of the heterotrimeric G protein and is localized in the cytoplasm.

Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
PV834Hu01 Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Canis familiaris; Canine (Dog)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Sus scrofa; Porcine (Pig)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Bos taurus; Bovine (Cattle)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Rhesus monkey (Simian)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Chicken (Gallus)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Ovis aries; Ovine (Sheep)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Cavia (Guinea pig )

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Equus caballus; Equine (Horse)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Capra hircus; Caprine (Goat)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Pan-species (General)

PRODUCT TYPE CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins NONE Recombinant Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE Native Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Bioactivity
Antibodies NONE Monoclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) IHC, WB
NONE HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Simple Western; WB
NONE PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry
NONE FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits NONE ELISA Kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE CLIA kit for Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Reference

"Inhibition of G-protein-mediated MAP kinase activation by a new mammalian gene family."
Nature 379:742-746(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Full length cloning and expression analysis of splice variants of regulator of G-protein signaling RGS4 in human and murine brain."
Gene 401:46-60(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1."
Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Palmitoylation of a conserved cysteine in the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain modulates the GTPase-activating activity of RGS4 and RGS10."
J. Biol. Chem. 274:38260-38267(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"RGSZ1, a Gz-selective RGS protein in brain. Structure, membrane association, regulation by Galphaz phosphorylation, and relationship to a Gz GTPase-activating protein subfamily."
J. Biol. Chem. 273:26014-26025(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Association and linkage analyses of RGS4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia."
Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:1373-1380(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Confirming RGS4 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia."
Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 125:50-53(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]