Clusterin (CLU)

CLU; TRPM2; KUB1; CLI; APOJ; SGP2; AAG4; APO-J; SP-40; Apolipoprotein J; Complement Lysis Inhibitor; 40,Sulfated Glycoprotein 2; Testosterone-Repressed Prostate Message 2

SPN	V644
HGNC	2095
MGI	88423
PubMed	11906815
RGD	3907
UniProt	P10909
Wiki	Clusterin

Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is a 75 - 80 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein associated with the clearance of cellular debris and apoptosis. This protein has several synonyms: dimeric acidic glycoprotein (DAG protein), testosterone repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2), sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) and complement lysis inhibitor (CLI).This protein was first identified in 1988 in seminal fluid.In humans the gene is encoded on chromosome 8 (8p21) and is highly conserved between species (70-80% homology).It is expressed in most mammalian tissues and can be found in blood plasma, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and semen. A number of proteins have been found to affect its expression including Egr-1, members from the AP-1 complex, HSF1/2, Cdx1/2 and B-Myb.

Reference

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"Molecular characterization of human TRPM-2/clusterin, a gene associated with sperm maturation, apoptosis and neurodegeneration."
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"The cerebrospinal-fluid soluble form of Alzheimer's amyloid beta is complexed to SP-40,40 (apolipoprotein J), an inhibitor of the complement membrane-attack complex."
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"The apolipoprotein A-I binding protein of placenta and the SP-40,40 protein of human blood are different proteins which both bind to apolipoprotein A-I."
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"Apolipoprotein J is associated with paraoxonase in human plasma."
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"Identification and characterization of glycosylation sites in human serum clusterin."
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"Clusterin is an ATP-independent chaperone with very broad substrate specificity that stabilizes stressed proteins in a folding-competent state."
Biochemistry 39:15953-15960(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Suppression of apolipoprotein C-II amyloid formation by the extracellular chaperone, clusterin."
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"Mildly acidic pH activates the extracellular molecular chaperone clusterin."
J. Biol. Chem. 277:39532-39540(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Synthesis and functional analyses of nuclear clusterin, a cell death protein."
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"Essential requirement of apolipoprotein J (clusterin) signaling for IkappaB expression and regulation of NF-kappaB activity."
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"Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry."
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"Clusterin inhibits apoptosis by interacting with activated Bax."
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"Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of rhabdomyosarcoma cells reveal differential cellular gene expression in response to enterovirus 71 infection."
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"Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach."
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5:226-233(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Effects of glycosylation on the structure and function of the extracellular chaperone clusterin."
Biochemistry 46:1412-1422(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Multiple pathways regulating the anti-apoptotic protein clusterin in breast cancer."
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1772:1103-1111(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of an eppin protein complex from human semen and spermatozoa."
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"The extracellular chaperone clusterin influences amyloid formation and toxicity by interacting with prefibrillar structures."
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"Differential regulation of clusterin and its isoforms by androgens in prostate cells."
J. Biol. Chem. 282:2278-2287(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The extracellular chaperone clusterin potently inhibits human lysozyme amyloid formation by interacting with prefibrillar species."
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"Clusterin expression in normal mucosa and colorectal cancer."
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:1039-1048(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Stress-induced retrotranslocation of clusterin/ApoJ into the cytosol."
Traffic 8:554-565(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry."
Proteomics 8:3833-3847(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structural characterization of clusterin-chaperone client protein complexes."
J. Biol. Chem. 284:21920-21927(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Clusterin is a short half-life, poly-ubiquitinated protein, which controls the fate of prostate cancer cells."
J. Cell. Physiol. 219:314-323(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry."
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"A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins."
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:913-923(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification."
Nat. Methods 6:809-811(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of human plasma proteins as major clients for the extracellular chaperone clusterin."
J. Biol. Chem. 285:3532-3539(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Clusterin facilitates COMMD1 and I-kappaB degradation to enhance NF-kappaB activity in prostate cancer cells."
Mol. Cancer Res. 8:119-130(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Clusterin facilitates in vivo clearance of extracellular misfolded proteins."
Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68:3919-3931(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."
J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]