Protectin (CD59)

MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MSK21; MAC-IP; MACIF; MIRL; HRF20; Complement Regulatory Protein; 20 kDa homologous restriction factor; Membrane attack complex inhibition factor

SPN	V496
HGNC	1689
MGI	1888996
PubMed	10850450
RGD	2311
UniProt	P13987
Wiki	CD59

Protectin, a cell surface glycoprotein that regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation.

This protein also plays a role in signal transduction pathways in the activation of T cells. Mutations in this gene cause CD59 deficiency, a disease resulting in hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, and which causes cerebral infarction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene.

Reference

"CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells."
J. Exp. Med. 170:637-654(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility."
Eur. J. Immunol. 20:87-92(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162:1553-1559(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement."
J. Biochem. 106:555-557(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes."
DNA Cell Biol. 9:213-220(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:7876-7879(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation."
J. Mol. Biol. 227:971-976(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C."
Nucleic Acids Res. 17:6728-6728(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structural composition and functional characterization of soluble CD59: heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide and glycophosphoinositol (GPI) anchor revealed by laser-desorption mass spectrometric analysis."
Biochem. J. 316:923-935(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Determination of carboxyl-terminal residue and disulfide bonds of MACIF (CD59), a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein."
J. Biochem. 114:473-477(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the ''b'' domain of C9."
J. Biol. Chem. 267:13675-13680(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mapping the regions of the complement inhibitor CD59 responsible for its species selective activity."
Biochemistry 36:9423-9428(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mutational analysis of the active site and antibody epitopes of the complement-inhibitory glycoprotein, CD59."
J. Exp. Med. 185:507-516(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The glycosylation of the complement regulatory protein, human erythrocyte CD59."
J. Biol. Chem. 272:7229-7244(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular basis for a link between complement and the vascular complications of diabetes."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:5450-5455(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Proteomic analysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins."
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2:1261-1270(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Modification-specific proteomics of plasma membrane proteins: identification and characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins released upon phospholipase D treatment."
J. Proteome Res. 5:935-943(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Computational approach for identification and characterization of GPI-anchored peptides in proteomics experiments."
Proteomics 7:1951-1960(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry."
Proteomics 8:3833-3847(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."
J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins."
Biochemistry 33:4471-4482(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure of a soluble, glycosylated form of the human complement regulatory protein CD59."
Structure 2:185-199(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene."
Eur. J. Immunol. 22:2669-2673(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"CD59 deficiency is associated with chronic hemolysis and childhood relapsing immune-mediated polyneuropathy."
Blood 121:129-135(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]