Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)

AC3; ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 3; Adenylate cyclase, olfactive type; Adenylate cyclase type III

SPN	V422
HGNC	234
MGI	99675
PubMed	24113161
RGD	71009
UniProt	O60266
Wiki	ADCY3

adenylyl cyclase 3 is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This protein appears to be widely expressed in various human tissues and may be involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological metabolic processes.ADCY3 also has 6 putative N-linked glycosylation sites, a predicted protein kinase A site, 2 tyrosine kinase sites, and many potential protein kinase C sites throughout the sequence. The human and rat proteins share 95% sequence homology. ADCY3 examined in all tissues, with highest expression in lung and placenta, intermediate expression in brain, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle, and lowest expression in liver and pancreas. Isolated pancreatic islet mRNA also showed high expression.

Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	V422Hu01	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	PV422Hu01	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Canis familiaris; Canine (Dog)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Sus scrofa; Porcine (Pig)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Bos taurus; Bovine (Cattle)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Rhesus monkey (Simian)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Chicken (Gallus)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Ovis aries; Ovine (Sheep)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Cavia (Guinea pig )

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Equus caballus; Equine (Horse)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Capra hircus; Caprine (Goat)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Organism species: Pan-species (General)

PRODUCT TYPE	CATALOG NO.	PRODUCT NAME	APPLICATIONS
Proteins	NONE	Recombinant Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Proteins	NONE	Native Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Bioactivity
Antibodies	NONE	Monoclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
	NONE	Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
	NONE	Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
	NONE	APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	IHC, WB
	NONE	HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Simple Western; WB
	NONE	PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry
	NONE	FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits	NONE	ELISA Kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
Assay Kits	NONE	CLIA kit for Adenylate Cyclase 3 (ADCY3)	CLIA assay for Antigen Detection

Reference

"Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human type 3 adenylyl cyclase and its expression in human islets."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254:548-551(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4."
Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro."
DNA Res. 5:31-39(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192:311-318(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]