Glycoprotein 39, Cartilage (GP39)

CHI3L1; CHI3-L1; YKL40; Chondrex; Chitinase 3-Like 1; Chondrocyte Protein YKL40; 39 kDa synovial protein

SPN	V371
HGNC	1932
MGI	1340899
PubMed	1385114
RGD	620874
UniProt	P36222
Wiki	GP39

Cartilage glycoprotein-39 is one of the major secreted proteins of ex vivo cultured human articular chondrocytes, synovial cells, and macrophages and also expressed by mature neutrophils (from myelocyte-metamyelocyte stage). High levels of YKL-40 are found in synovial fluid from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in the hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. YKL-40 belongs to the 18-glycosyl hydrolase (mammalian chitinase) family, and is one of the putative autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High levels of YKL-40 are found in synovial fluid from patients with active RA. The name 'YKL' stands for its N-terminal tripeptide sequence, and unlike the other member YKL39 which is unglycosylated, YKL40 is glycosylated.

Reference

"Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family."
J. Biol. Chem. 268:25803-25810(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular characterization of the gene for human cartilage gp-39 (CHI3L1), a member of the chitinase protein family and marker for late stages of macrophage differentiation."
Genomics 43:221-225(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human synovial cells secrete a 39 kDa protein similar to a bovine mammary protein expressed during the non-lactating period."
Biochem. J. 269:265-268(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Chitotriosidase, a chitinase, and the 39-kDa human cartilage glycoprotein, a chitin-binding lectin, are homologues of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases secreted by human macrophages."
Eur. J. Biochem. 251:504-509(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Chitinase 3-like-1 exacerbates intestinal inflammation by enhancing bacterial adhesion and invasion in colonic epithelial cells."
Gastroenterology 130:398-411(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Role of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39)/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13-induced tissue responses and apoptosis."
J. Exp. Med. 206:1149-1166(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The chitinase-like proteins breast regression protein-39 and YKL-40 regulate hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury."
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 182:918-928(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure and ligand-induced conformational change of the 39-kDa glycoprotein from human articular chondrocytes."
J. Biol. Chem. 278:30206-30212(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure and carbohydrate-binding properties of the human cartilage glycoprotein-39."
J. Biol. Chem. 278:37753-37760(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Effect of variation in CHI3L1 on serum YKL-40 level, risk of asthma, and lung function."
N. Engl. J. Med. 358:1682-1691(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]