Transglutaminase 2, Tissue (TGM2)

tTG; TG2; C Polypeptide,Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Transglutaminase C; Transglutaminase H

SPN	V011
HGNC	11778
MGI	98731
PubMed	17939176
RGD	621081
UniProt	P21980
Wiki	TGM2

Tissue transglutaminase is an enzyme (EC 2.3.2.13) of the transglutaminase family. Like other transglutaminases, it crosslinks proteins between an ε-amino group of a lysine residue and a γ-carboxamide group of glutamine residue, creating an inter- or intramolecular bond that is highly resistant to proteolysis (protein degradation).

It is particularly notable for being the autoantigen in coeliac disease, but is also known to play a role in apoptosis, cellular differentiation and matrix stabilisation. tTG is expressed ubiquitously. It requires calcium as a cofactor for transamidation activity. Transcription is increased by retinoic acid. Amongst its many supposed functions, it appears to play a role in wound healing, apoptosis and extracellular matrix development

Reference

"Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones to mouse macrophage and human endothelial cell tissue transglutaminases."
J. Biol. Chem. 266:478-483(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A retinoic acid-inducible mRNA from human erythroleukemia cells encodes a novel tissue transglutaminase homologue."
J. Biol. Chem. 267:22616-22623(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A third human tissue transglutaminase homologue as a result of alternative gene transcripts."
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1306:63-74(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."
Nature 414:865-871(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]