Anterior Gradient Protein 2 (AGR2)

GOB4; HAG2; XAG2; AG2; PDIA17; HPC8; Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family A,Member 17; Secreted cement gland protein XAG-2 homolog

SPN	U560
HGNC	328
MGI	1344405
PubMed	22430137
RGD	1304606
UniProt	O95994
Wiki	AGR2

Anterior gradient homolog 2 (AGR2) is a human protein originally discovered in Xenopus laevis, encoded for by the gene of the same name. In Xenopus AGR2 plays a role in cement gland differentiation, however in human cancer cell lines high levels of AGR2 correlate with downregulation of the p53 response and AGR2 levels are elevated in the preneoplastic tissue Barrett's oesophagus.

The deduced 175-amino acid soluble AGR2 protein, which is 91% identical to the mouse protein and 47% identical to the frog protein, contains a signal peptide. Northern blot analysis revealed strongest expression of 0.9- and 1.6-kb AGR2 transcripts in lung and in all ER-positive breast carcinoma lines tested; weaker expression was detected in pancreas.

Reference

"hAG-2, the human homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement gland gene XAG-2, is coexpressed with estrogen receptor in breast cancer cell lines."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:111-116(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment."
Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7."
Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites."
Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"hAG-2 and hAG-3, human homologues of genes involved in differentiation, are associated with oestrogen receptor-positive breast tumours and interact with metastasis gene C4.4a and dystroglycan."
Br. J. Cancer 88:579-585(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"AGR2, an androgen-inducible secretory protein overexpressed in prostate cancer."
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 43:249-259(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The adenocarcinoma-associated antigen, AGR2, promotes tumor growth, cell migration, and cellular transformation."
Cancer Res. 68:492-497(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The protein disulfide isomerase AGR2 is essential for production of intestinal mucus."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:6950-6955(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]