Epithelial Cell Transforming Sequence 2 (ECT2)

SPN	U397
HGNC	3155
MGI	95281
PubMed	16103226
RGD	1308524
UniProt	Q9H8V3
Wiki	ECT2

Protein ECT2 is a transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis.

Inhibition of PLK1 in HeLa cells abolished interaction of ECT2 with its activator and midzone anchor, CYK4 (RACGAP1), thereby preventing localization of ECT2 to the central spindle and leading to early cytokinesis defects.

Reference

"Human ECT2 is an exchange factor for Rho GTPases, phosphorylated in G2/M phases, and involved in cytokinesis."
J. Cell Biol. 147:921-928(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Rho exchange factor ECT2 is induced by growth factors and regulates cytokinesis through the N-terminal cell cycle regulator-related domains."
J. Cell. Biochem. 90:819-836(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The armadillo protein p0071 regulates Rho signalling during cytokinesis."
Nat. Cell Biol. 8:1432-1440(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3."
Nature 440:1194-1198(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium."
BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Deregulation and mislocalization of the cytokinesis regulator ECT2 activate the Rho signaling pathways leading to malignant transformation."
J. Biol. Chem. 279:7169-7179(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 interacts with the polarity protein complex Par6/Par3/protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and regulates PKCzeta activity."
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:6665-6675(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The tandem BRCT domains of Ect2 are required for both negative and positive regulation of Ect2 in cytokinesis."
J. Biol. Chem. 280:5733-5739(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Ect2 and MgcRacGAP regulate the activation and function of Cdc42 in mitosis."
J. Cell Biol. 168:221-232(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An ECT2-centralspindlin complex regulates the localization and function of RhoA."
J. Cell Biol. 170:571-582(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"MgcRacGAP controls the assembly of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:13158-13163(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 regulates epithelial cell polarity."
Cell. Signal. 18:1604-1615(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Dissecting the role of Rho-mediated signaling in contractile ring formation."
Mol. Biol. Cell 17:43-55(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cytokinesis regulator ECT2 changes its conformation through phosphorylation at Thr-341 in G2/M phase."
Oncogene 25:566-578(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Phosphorylation of the cytokinesis regulator ECT2 at G2/M phase stimulates association of the mitotic kinase Plk1 and accumulation of GTP-bound RhoA."
Oncogene 25:827-837(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Sequential Cyk-4 binding to ECT2 and FIP3 regulates cleavage furrow ingression and abscission during cytokinesis."
EMBO J. 27:1791-1803(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis."
J. Proteome Res. 7:1346-1351(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Centrosome/spindle pole-associated protein regulates cytokinesis via promoting the recruitment of MyoGEF to the central spindle."
Mol. Biol. Cell 20:1428-1440(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Ect2 links the PKCiota-Par6alpha complex to Rac1 activation and cellular transformation."
Oncogene 28:3597-3607(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Polo-like kinase 1 directs assembly of the HsCyk-4 RhoGAP/Ect2 RhoGEF complex to initiate cleavage furrow formation."
PLoS Biol. 7:E1000110-E1000110(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Plk1 self-organization and priming phosphorylation of HsCYK-4 at the spindle midzone regulate the onset of division in human cells."
PLoS Biol. 7:E1000111-E1000111(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis."
Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Oncogenic activity of Ect2 is regulated through protein kinase C iota-mediated phosphorylation."
J. Biol. Chem. 286:8149-8157(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The nuclear guanine nucleotide exchange factors Ect2 and Net1 regulate RhoB-mediated cell death after DNA damage."
PLoS ONE 6:E17108-E17108(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation."
Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of the second BRCT domain of epithelial cell transforming 2 (ECT2)."
Submitted (JAN-2010) to the PDB data bank

"The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers."
Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]