Granulin (GRN)

GEP; GP88; PCDGF; PEPI; PGRN; Proepithelin; Acrogranin; Glycoprotein of 88 Kda; Paragranulin

SPN	U335
HGNC	4601
MGI	95832
PubMed	19795409
RGD	61983
UniProt	P28799
Wiki	Granulin

Granulin is a protein encoded by the GRN gene.Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 88 kDa precursor protein, progranulin, is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Both the peptides and intact granulin protein regulate cell growth. However, different members of the granulin protein family may act as inhibitors, stimulators, or have dual actions on cell growth.

Reference

"Structure and chromosomal location of the human granulin gene."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188:57-63(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The epithelin precursor encodes two proteins with opposing activities on epithelial cell growth."
J. Biol. Chem. 267:13073-13078(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Isolation and sequence of the granulin precursor cDNA from human bone marrow reveals tandem cysteine-rich granulin domains."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:1715-1719(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1161-1168(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterisation of UGP and its relationship with beta-core fragment."
Br. J. Cancer 67:686-692(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17."
Nature 442:916-919(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry."
J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Development and application of mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of progranulin N-glycosylation."
J. Proteomics 73:1479-1490(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Strikingly different clinicopathological phenotypes determined by progranulin-mutation dosage."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 90:1102-1107(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Secreted progranulin is a homodimer and is not a component of high density lipoproteins (HDL)."
J. Biol. Chem. 288:8627-8635(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."
J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Design and solution structure of a well-folded stack of two beta-hairpins based on the amino-terminal fragment of human granulin A."
Biochemistry 39:2878-2886(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure dissection of human progranulin identifies well-folded granulin/epithelin modules with unique functional activities."
Protein Sci. 17:711-724(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"HDDD2 is a familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions caused by a missense mutation in the signal peptide of progranulin."
Ann. Neurol. 60:314-322(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular characterization of novel progranulin (GRN) mutations in frontotemporal dementia."
Hum. Mutat. 29:512-521(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A thorough assessment of benign genetic variability in GRN and MAPT."
Hum. Mutat. 31:E1126-E1140(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]