Virus Induced Signaling Adapter (VISA)

CARDIF; IPS1; MAVS; Mitochondrial Antiviral-Signaling Protein; Interferon beta promoter stimulator protein 1; CARD Adaptor Inducing IFN-beta; NF-kappa-B-activating protein 031N

SPN	U254
HGNC	29233
MGI	2444773
PubMed	16153868
RGD	1359371
UniProt	Q7Z434
Wiki	VISA_(gene

These interactions initiate signaling pathways that differ in their initial steps but converge in the activation of the protein kinases IKKA (CHUK) and IKKB (IKBKB), which activate NFKB , or TBK1 and IKKE (IKBKE), which activate IRF3. Activated IRF3 and NFKB induce transcription of IFNB (IFNB1). For the TLR3 pathway, the intermediary molecule before the pathways converge is the cytoplasmic protein TRIF (TICAM1). For RIGI, the intermediary protein is mitochondria-bound IPS1 (Sen and Sarkar, 2005).

Present in T-cells, monocytes, epithelial cells and hepatocytes (at protein level). Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Reference

"Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-kappaB and IRF 3."
Cell 122:669-682(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"VISA is an adapter protein required for virus-triggered IFN-beta Signaling."
Mol. Cell 19:727-740(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus."
Nature 437:1167-1172(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction."
Nat. Immunol. 6:981-988(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of MAVS splicing variants that interfere with RIGI/MAVS pathway signaling."
Mol. Immunol. 45:2277-2287(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Convergent evolution of escape from hepaciviral antagonism in primates."
PLoS Biol. 10:E1001282-E1001282(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro."
DNA Res. 6:337-345(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways."
Oncogene 22:3307-3318(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."
Nature 414:865-871(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:17717-17722(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"RNA- and virus-independent inhibition of antiviral signaling by RNA helicase LGP2."
J. Virol. 80:12332-12342(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization."
Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"GB virus B disrupts RIG-I signaling by NS3/4A-mediated cleavage of the adaptor protein MAVS."
J. Virol. 81:964-976(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Disruption of innate immunity due to mitochondrial targeting of a picornaviral protease precursor."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:7253-7258(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The tumour suppressor CYLD is a negative regulator of RIG-I-mediated antiviral response."
EMBO Rep. 9:930-936(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets."
J. Proteome Res. 7:526-534(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle."
Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"NLRX1 is a regulator of mitochondrial antiviral immunity."
Nature 451:573-577(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach."
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway."
Cell 138:576-591(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The tyrosine kinase c-Src enhances RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I)-elicited antiviral signaling."
J. Biol. Chem. 284:19122-19131(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Negative regulation of MAVS-mediated innate immune response by PSMA7."
J. Immunol. 183:4241-4248(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4."
Nat. Immunol. 10:1300-1308(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Inhibition of RIG-I and MDA5-dependent antiviral response by gC1qR at mitochondria."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:1530-1535(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"ISG56 is a negative-feedback regulator of virus-triggered signaling and cellular antiviral response."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:7945-7950(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Peroxisomes are signaling platforms for antiviral innate immunity."
Cell 141:668-681(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis."
Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"IFN-induced TPR protein IFIT3 potentiates antiviral signaling by bridging MAVS and TBK1."
J. Immunol. 187:2559-2568(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein colocalizes with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS following infection."
PLoS ONE 7:E29386-E29386(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A role for the Ankyrin repeat containing protein Ankrd17 in Nod1- and Nod2-mediated inflammatory responses."
FEBS Lett. 587:2137-2142(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mitochondrially localised MUL1 is a novel modulator of antiviral signaling."
Immunol. Cell Biol. 91:321-330(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."
J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structural basis for the prion-like MAVS filaments in antiviral innate immunity."
Elife 3:E01489-E01489(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular imprinting as a signal-activation mechanism of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I."
Mol. Cell 55:511-523(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]