Rhodopsin (RHO)

OPN2; RP4; Opsin 2; Rod Pigment; Retinitis Pigmentosa 4; Visual Purple

SPN	U080
HGNC	10012
MGI	97914
PubMed	11581499
RGD	3573
UniProt	P08100
Wiki	Rhodopsin

Rhodopsin is a pigment of the retina that is responsible for both the formation of the photoreceptor cells and the first events in the perception of light. Rhodopsins belong to the G-protein coupled receptor family and are extremely sensitive to light, enabling vision in low-light conditions. Exposed to light, the pigment immediately photobleaches, and it takes about 30 minutes to regenerate fully in humans.Rhodopsin consists of the protein moiety opsin and a reversibly covalently bound cofactor, retinal. Opsin, a bundle of seven transmembrane helices, binds retinal, a photoreactive chromophore, in a central pocket. Retinal is produced in the retina from Vitamin A. Isomerization of 11-cis-retinal into all-trans-retinal by light induces a conformational change in opsin that activates the associated G protein and triggers a second messenger cascade.

Reference

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