Prokineticin 2 (PK2)

PK-2; Bv8; MIT1; KAL4; Protein Bv8 Homolog

SPN	T860
HGNC	18455
MGI	1354178
PubMed	22431614
RGD	620280
UniProt	Q9HC23

Prokineticin 2 is a novel 81 amino acid peptide with a complex folding structure including five disulphide linkages. It is a mammalian homolog to the mamba snake venom protein mamba intestinal toxin 1 and the frog protein Bv8, and has been demonstrated to be a paracrine mediator of gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractility.PK2 is expressed throughout the mammalian organism; however, in the brain, its expression is specifically concentrated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). PK2 is rhythmically expressed in the SCN, transcriptionally regulated by clock control genes, and has the capacity to strongly suppress nocturnal locomotor activity. PK2 is one of the first neuropeptides that appears to directly convey circadian rhythm signaling to other CNS structures and, therefore, it may be a critical output molecule regulating biological rhythms.

Reference

"Identification of two prokineticin cDNAs: recombinant proteins potently contract gastrointestinal smooth muscle."
Mol. Pharmacol. 59:692-698(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification and pharmacological characterization of prokineticin 2 beta as a selective ligand for prokineticin receptor 1."
Mol. Pharmacol. 67:2070-2076(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The mammalian homologues of frog Bv8 are mainly expressed in spermatocytes."
FEBS Lett. 462:177-181(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites."
Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Kallmann syndrome: mutations in the genes encoding prokineticin-2 and prokineticin receptor-2."
PLoS Genet. 2:1648-1652(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mutations in prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 genes in human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency: molecular genetics and clinical spectrum."
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93:3551-3559(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mutations in FGF17, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY4, and FLRT3 are identified in individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 92:725-743(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The prevalence of CHD7 missense versus truncating mutations is higher in patients with Kallmann syndrome than in typical CHARGE patients."
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99:E2138-2143(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]