Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP)

PARP1; ADPRT; ADPRT1; PPOL; pADPRT-1; ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1; NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 1

SPN	T808
HGNC	270
MGI	1340806
PubMed	16123586
RGD	2053
UniProt	P09874
Wiki	PARP1

is a protein involved in a number of cellular processes involving mainly DNA repair and programmed cell death.RP, a 116 kDa nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, appears to be involved in DNA repair in response to environmental stress . This protein can be cleaved by many ICE-like caspases in vitroand is one of the main cleavage targets of caspase-3 in vivo . In human PARP, the cleavage occurs between Asp214 and Gly215, which separates the PARP amino-terminal DNA binding domain (24 kDa) from the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain (89 kDa) .

PARP1 is a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARP1 has a role in repair of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) breaks.

Reference

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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148:617-622(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Primary structure of human poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase as deduced from cDNA sequence."
J. Biol. Chem. 262:15990-15997(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"cDNA sequence, protein structure, and chromosomal location of the human gene for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:8370-8374(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

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Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

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"Characterization of a putative promoter region of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene: structural similarity to that of the DNA polymerase beta gene."
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, Submitted (DEC-2008) to UniProtKB

"Txk, a member of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the Tec family, forms a complex with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and elongation factor 1alpha and regulates interferon-gamma gene transcription in Th1 cells."
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"Molecular cloning of cDNA for human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and expression of its gene during HL-60 cell differentiation."
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Erratum
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148:1549-1550(1987)

"The second zinc-finger domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase determines specificity for single-stranded breaks in DNA."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:2990-2994(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The zinc fingers of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase are differentially required for the recognition of DNA breaks and nicks and the consequent enzyme activation. Other structures recognize intact DNA."
J. Biol. Chem. 265:21907-21913(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in Escherichia coli. Lysine 893 is critical for activity."
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"The human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase nuclear localization signal is a bipartite element functionally separate from DNA binding and catalytic activity."
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"Random mutagenesis of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain reveals amino acids involved in polymer branching."
Biochemistry 36:12147-12154(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Functional association of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication."
Nucleic Acids Res. 26:1891-1898(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Suppression of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro."
Oncogene 18:4616-4625(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

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"The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 interacts with Sry and modulates its biological functions."
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"A novel human AP endonuclease with conserved zinc-finger-like motifs involved in DNA strand break responses."
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"ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage."
Science 316:1160-1166(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding zinc finger motifs in DNA repair/checkpoint proteins."
Nature 451:81-85(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) transcriptionally regulates angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) and AT2R binding protein (ATBP) genes."
Biochem. Pharmacol. 77:1795-1805(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"PARP-1 transcriptional activity is regulated by sumoylation upon heat shock."
EMBO J. 28:3534-3548(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of DNA repair by the chromatin remodeling enzyme ALC1."
Science 325:1240-1243(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions."
Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis."
Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Toward a unified nomenclature for mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases."
Trends Biochem. Sci. 35:208-219(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of Snail1 protein stability."
Oncogene 30:4365-4372(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Ubiquitin ligase RNF146 regulates tankyrase and Axin to promote Wnt signaling."
PLoS ONE 6:E22595-E22595(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation."
Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Exome capture reveals ZNF423 and CEP164 mutations, linking renal ciliopathies to DNA damage response signaling."
Cell 150:533-548(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Systematic analysis of protein pools, isoforms, and modifications affecting turnover and subcellular localization."
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11:M111.013680.01-M111.013680.15(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB."
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"BAL1 and its partner E3 ligase, BBAP, link Poly(ADP-ribose) activation, ubiquitylation, and double-strand DNA repair independent of ATM, MDC1, and RNF8."
Mol. Cell. Biol. 33:845-857(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."
J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Solution structure of the first ZF-PARP domain, of the BRCT domain and of the WGR domain of human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1."
Submitted (APR-2007) to the PDB data bank

"The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers."
Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]