Lysyl tRNA Synthetase (KARS)

KARS2; LysRS; Lysine tRNA Ligase

SPN	T781
HGNC	6215
MGI	1934754
UniProt	Q15046
Wiki	KARS

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. The 625-amino acid mitochondrial enzyme and the 597-amino acid cytoplasmic enzyme are identical over the last 576 amino acids, but the mitochondrial enzyme has a different 49-amino acid N terminus containing a mitochondrial targeting sequence. Transfection of both fluorescence-tagged isoforms into an osteosarcoma cell line showed that the cytoplasmic isoform produced a diffuse, cellwide fluorescence, while the mitochondrial isoform resulted in a punctate pattern that colocalized with mitochondrial markers. Ribonuclease protection analysis indicated that the mRNA encoding the cytoplasmic isoform makes up approximately 70%, and the mitochondrial isoform approximately 30%, of mature KARS transcripts.

Reference

"Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase accepts nucleotide 73 variants and rescues Escherichia coli double-defective mutant."
J. Biol. Chem. 272:22809-22816(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The human lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene encodes both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes by means of an unusual alternative splicing of the primary transcript."
J. Biol. Chem. 275:35063-35069(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1."
DNA Res. 1:223-229(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16."
Nature 432:988-994(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

, Submitted (JUL-2007) to UniProtKB

"Enzymatic synthesis of diadenosine tetraphosphate and diadenosine triphosphate with a purified lysyl-tRNA synthetase."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 24:91-97(1966) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Macromolecular assemblage of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: identification of protein-protein interactions and characterization of a core protein."
J. Mol. Biol. 285:183-195(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The telomeric protein Rap1 is conserved in vertebrates and is expressed from a bidirectional promoter positioned between the Rap1 and KARS genes."
Gene 323:1-10(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The function of lysyl-tRNA synthetase and Ap4A as signaling regulators of MITF activity in FcepsilonRI-activated mast cells."
Immunity 20:145-151(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The interaction between HIV-1 Gag and human lysyl-tRNA synthetase during viral assembly."
J. Biol. Chem. 278:27644-27651(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cellular distribution of Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and its interaction with Gag during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly."
J. Virol. 78:7553-7564(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase is secreted to trigger proinflammatory response."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:6356-6361(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Lysyl-tRNA synthetase interacts with EF1alpha, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and p38 in vitro."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 365:718-723(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach."
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions."
Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features."
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11:M111.015131-M111.015131(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of tetrameric form of human lysyl-tRNA synthetase: Implications for multisynthetase complex formation."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:2331-2336(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Compound heterozygosity for loss-of-function lysyl-tRNA synthetase mutations in a patient with peripheral neuropathy."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 87:560-566(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mutations in KARS, encoding lysyl-tRNA synthetase, cause autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment DFNB89."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 93:132-140(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]