Sucrase Isomaltase (SI)
Oligosaccharide Alpha-1,6-Glucosidase
Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency is an example of a disease in which mutation results in transport-incompetent molecules. sucrase-isomaltase is not transported to the brush border membrane but accumulates as a mannose-rich precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, and the cis-Golgi, where it is finally degraded.
The enzyme consists of 2 subunits which are synthesized as a single chain mannose-rich precursor. From studies of the cDNA, the human protein has 83% identity with the rabbit enzyme. In addition to the previously reported homology with lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, the sucrase and isomaltase subunits appear to be homologous to a yeast glucoamylase.
Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | T596Hu01 | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | MT596Hu21 | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| PT596Hu01 | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| LT596Hu71 | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | KET596Hu | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Canis familiaris; Canine (Dog)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Sus scrofa; Porcine (Pig)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Bos taurus; Bovine (Cattle)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Rhesus monkey (Simian)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Chicken (Gallus)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Ovis aries; Ovine (Sheep)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Cavia (Guinea pig )
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Equus caballus; Equine (Horse)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Capra hircus; Caprine (Goat)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Pan-species (General)
| PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| NONE | Native Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Bioactivity | |
| Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
| NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
| NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | IHC, WB | |
| NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Simple Western; WB | |
| NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry | |
| NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
| Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
| NONE | CLIA kit for Sucrase Isomaltase (SI) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Reference
"Sequence of the complete cDNA and the 5' structure of the human sucrase-isomaltase gene. Possible homology with a yeast glucoamylase."
Biochem. J. 285:915-923(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3."
Nature 440:1194-1198(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Isolation of a cDNA probe for a human jejunal brush-border hydrolase, sucrase-isomaltase, and assignment of the gene locus to chromosome 3."
Gene 57:101-110(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Expression of sucrase-isomaltase and dipeptidylpeptidase IV in human small intestine and colon."
Gastroenterology 101:618-625(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Phosphorylation of the N-terminal intracellular tail of sucrase-isomaltase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase."
Eur. J. Biochem. 233:963-968(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Structural basis for substrate selectivity in human maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase N-terminal domains."
J. Biol. Chem. 285:17763-17770(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency: identification of a glutamine to proline substitution that leads to a transport block of sucrase-isomaltase in a pre-Golgi compartment."
J. Clin. Invest. 97:633-641(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency arising from cleavage and secretion of a mutant form of the enzyme."
J. Clin. Invest. 106:281-287(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Molecular basis of aberrant apical protein transport in an intestinal enzyme disorder."
J. Biol. Chem. 276:23506-23510(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency because of an accumulation of the mutant enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum."
Gastroenterology 125:1678-1685(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Novel mutations in the human sucrase-isomaltase gene (SI) that cause congenital carbohydrate malabsorption."
Hum. Mutat. 27:119-119(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]