Steroid Sulfatase Isozyme S (STS)

ARSC; ARSC1; ASC; ES; SSDD; Arylsulfatase C; Steryl-sulfatase; Steryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase

SPN	Q195
HGNC	11425
MGI	98438
RGD	3783
UniProt	P08842

STS catalyzes the conversion of sulfated steroid precursors to estrogens during pregnancy. The encoded protein is found in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it acts as a homodimer.

The deduced 583-residue protein has a molecular mass of 63 kD and contains a 21- or 23-residue signal peptide, 4 possible N-linked glycosylation sites, and 2 potential membrane-spanning domains. Expression in hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) showed localization predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum, with smaller fractions found in the Golgi, at the cell surface, and in endosomes and lysosomes. The major transcription start site was at position -221 with respect to the AUG translation initiation codon, and the amino acids were renumbered to make the initiating methionine +1.

Reference

"Cloning and expression of human steroid-sulfatase. Membrane topology, glycosylation, and subcellular distribution in BHK-21 cells."
J. Biol. Chem. 264:13865-13872(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cloning and expression of steroid sulfatase cDNA and the frequent occurrence of deletions in STS deficiency: implications for X-Y interchange."
Cell 49:443-454(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The human X-linked steroid sulfatase gene and a Y-encoded pseudogene: evidence for an inversion of the Y chromosome during primate evolution."
Cell 55:1123-1135(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of rat and human steroid sulfatases."
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 997:199-205(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure of human estrone sulfatase suggests functional roles of membrane association."
J. Biol. Chem. 278:22989-22997(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of point mutations in the steroid sulfatase gene of three patients with X-linked ichthyosis."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50:483-491(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of point mutations in patients with X-linked ichthyosis. Effects on the structure and function of the steroid sulfatase protein."
J. Biol. Chem. 272:20756-20763(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"PCR diagnosis of X-linked ichthyosis: identification of a novel mutation (E560P) of the steroid sulfatase gene."
Hum. Mutat. 15:296-296(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Novel point mutations in the steroid sulfatase gene in patients with X-linked ichthyosis: transfection analysis using the mutated genes."
J. Invest. Dermatol. 114:1195-1199(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]