Prolactin Receptor (PRLR)
Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | P433Hu01 | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
PP433Hu01 | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | P433Ra01 | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
PP433Ra01 | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Canis familiaris; Canine (Dog)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Sus scrofa; Porcine (Pig)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Bos taurus; Bovine (Cattle)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | P433Bo01 | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
PP433Bo01 | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Rhesus monkey (Simian)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Chicken (Gallus)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Ovis aries; Ovine (Sheep)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Cavia (Guinea pig )
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Equus caballus; Equine (Horse)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Capra hircus; Caprine (Goat)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Organism species: Pan-species (General)
PRODUCT TYPE | CATALOG NO. | PRODUCT NAME | APPLICATIONS |
---|---|---|---|
Proteins | NONE | Recombinant Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
NONE | Native Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Bioactivity | |
Antibodies | NONE | Monoclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
NONE | Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | WB; IHC; ICC; IF. | |
NONE | Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB | |
NONE | APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | IHC, WB | |
NONE | HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Simple Western; WB | |
NONE | PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry | |
NONE | FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF | |
Assay Kits | NONE | ELISA Kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection |
NONE | CLIA kit for Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) | CLIA assay for Antigen Detection |
Reference
"Identification of a cDNA encoding a long form of prolactin receptor in human hepatoma and breast cancer cells."
Mol. Endocrinol. 3:1455-1461(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Functional characterization of the intermediate isoform of the human prolactin receptor."
J. Biol. Chem. 274:35461-35468(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The human prolactin receptor gene structure and alternative promoter utilization: the generic promoter hPIII and a novel human promoter hP(N)."
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:1153-1156(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Isolation and characterization of two novel forms of the human prolactin receptor generated by alternative splicing of a newly identified exon 11."
J. Biol. Chem. 276:41086-41094(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Characterization of a novel and functional human prolactin receptor isoform (deltaS1PRLr) containing only one extracellular fibronectin-like domain."
Mol. Endocrinol. 16:2310-2322(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Alternative splicing to exon 11 of human prolactin receptor gene results in multiple isoforms including a secreted prolactin-binding protein."
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 30:31-47(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Prolactin exerts a prosurvival effect on human spermatozoa via mechanisms that involve the stimulation of Akt phosphorylation and suppression of caspase activation and capacitation."
Endocrinology 151:1269-1279(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5."
Nature 431:268-274(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Prolactin receptor antagonists that inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines."
J. Biol. Chem. 270:13133-13137(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Novel association of Vav2 and Nek3 modulates signaling through the human prolactin receptor."
Mol. Endocrinol. 19:939-949(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Crystal structure and site 1 binding energetics of human placental lactogen."
J. Mol. Biol. 358:773-784(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The imitation switch protein SNF2L regulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression during terminal differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells."
Mol. Endocrinol. 20:2406-2417(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:14533-14538(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Mutant prolactin receptor and familial hyperprolactinemia."
N. Engl. J. Med. 369:2012-2020(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"The X-ray structure of a growth hormone-prolactin receptor complex."
Nature 372:478-481(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
"Crystal structure of a prolactin receptor antagonist bound to the extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor."
J. Biol. Chem. 283:19085-19094(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]