Lymphocyte Antigen 96 (LY96)

MD-2; ESOP1

SPN	P030
HGNC	17156
MGI	1341909
PubMed	21390520
UniProt	Q9Y6Y9
Wiki	LY96

LY96 is involved in binding lipopolysaccharide with TLR 4. It is also known as "MD2". The MD-2 protein appears to associate with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccyaride (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling. MD2 did not interact with LY64, but it did appear on cells expressing Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). Toll-like receptors, which contain extracellular LRRs and have intracellular regions homologous to the intracellular signaling domain of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R), activate nuclear factor kappa-B (NFKB). TLR4 is involved in the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. Functional analysis showed that expression of MD2 enhanced TLR4-dependent activation of NFKB.

Reference

"MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on Toll-like receptor 4."
J. Exp. Med. 189:1777-1782(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"ESOP-1, a secreted protein expressed in the hematopoietic, nervous, and reproductive systems of embryonic and adult mice."
Blood 96:362-364(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular genetic analysis of an endotoxin nonresponder mutant cell line. A point mutation in a conserved region of MD-2 abolishes endotoxin-induced signaling."
J. Exp. Med. 194:79-88(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Natural selection in the TLR-related genes in the course of primate evolution."
Immunogenetics 60:727-735(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8."
Nature 439:331-335(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"MD-2 enables Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated responses to lipopolysaccharide and enhances TLR2-mediated responses to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components."
J. Immunol. 166:1938-1944(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Secreted MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 4."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:12156-12161(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The role of disulfide bonds in the assembly and function of MD-2."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:3919-3924(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran."
Cell 130:906-917(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with antiendotoxic lipid IVa."
Science 316:1632-1634(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]