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Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1)
Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1)
Novel small proline-rich protein
By searching for genes in a region of chromosome 1q21 associated with atopic dermatitis (ATOD2), Sharma et al. (2007) identified LELP1.
By genomic sequence analysis, Sharma et al. (2007) mapped the LELP1 gene to chromosome 1q21.
Interestingly, locus 5 is 6.2 kb upstream of a late cornified envelope-like proline-rich 1 (LELP1 ) gene which encodes a novel small proline rich protein. a significant association of rs7534334 (tagged SNP from LELP1 ) SNP with log10 serum IgE levels in the patient group (P =0.0029). a chromosomal region in close proximity to a novel gene and highlight the need for intense research on LELP1 and other genes close by with respect to atopic disorders.
Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)
Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Canis familiaris; Canine (Dog)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Sus scrofa; Porcine (Pig)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Bos taurus; Bovine (Cattle)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Rhesus monkey (Simian)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Chicken (Gallus)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Ovis aries; Ovine (Sheep)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Cavia (Guinea pig )
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Equus caballus; Equine (Horse)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Capra hircus; Caprine (Goat)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Organism species: Pan-species (General)
PRODUCT TYPE
CATALOG NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICATIONS
Proteins
NONE
Recombinant Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
NONE
Native Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Bioactivity
Antibodies
NONE
Monoclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
NONE
Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) WB; IHC; ICC; IF.
NONE
Biotin Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) ELISA(Det);IC; IH; IH(P); WB
NONE
APC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) IHC, WB
NONE
HRP Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Simple Western; WB
NONE
PE Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry
NONE
FITC Linked-Polyclonal Antibody to Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Flow Cytometry;ICC/IF
Assay Kits
NONE
ELISA Kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection
NONE
CLIA kit for Late Cornified Envelope Like Proline Rich Protein 1 (LELP1) CLIA assay for Antigen Detection
Reference
"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed ] [Europe PMC ] [Abstract ]
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed ] [Europe PMC ] [Abstract ]