Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway. cAMP is synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located at the cell membranes.

Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (G_s)-coupled receptors and inhibited by agonists of adenylyl cyclase inhibitory G (G_i)-protein-coupled receptors. Liver adenylyl cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylyl cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline. cAMP is a second messenger, used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the cell membrane.