Angiogenin (ANG)

RNASE5; Ribonuclease,RNase A Family 5

SPN	W698
HGNC	483
MGI	88022
PubMed	23047679
RGD	1359373
UniProt	P03950
Wiki	Angiogenin

Angiogenin (Ang) is a small polypeptide that is implicated in angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) in tumor growth . However, angiogenin is unique among the many proteins that are involved in angiogenesis in that it is also an enzyme with an amino acid sequence 33% identical to that of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) A).

Moreover, although Ang has the same general catalytic properties as RNase A - it cleaves preferentially on the 3' side of pyrimidines and follows a transphosphorylation/hydrolysis mechanism - its activity differs markedly both in magnitude and in specificity.Although angiogenin contains counterparts for the key catalytic residues of bovine pancreatic RNase A, it cleaves standard RNase substrates 105 - 106 times less efficiently than does RNase A.

Reference

"Sequence of the cDNA and gene for angiogenin, a human angiogenesis factor."
Biochemistry 24:5494-5499(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Diversifying selection of the tumor-growth promoter angiogenin in primate evolution."
Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:438-445(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Amino acid sequence of human tumor derived angiogenin."
Biochemistry 24:5486-5494(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Tissue distribution and developmental expression of the messenger RNA encoding angiogenin."
Science 237:280-282(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Angiogenin is a cytotoxic, tRNA-specific ribonuclease in the RNase A superfamily."
J. Biol. Chem. 267:21982-21986(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of the nucleolar targeting signal of human angiogenin."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 203:1765-1772(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Site-specific mutagenesis reveals differences in the structural bases for tight binding of RNase inhibitor to angiogenin and RNase A."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:1761-1766(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Superadditive and subadditive effects of 'hot spot' mutations within the interfaces of placental ribonuclease inhibitor with angiogenin and ribonuclease A."
Biochemistry 38:9273-9285(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The nuclear function of angiogenin in endothelial cells is related to rRNA production."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294:287-292(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Ribonuclease inhibitor regulates neovascularization by human angiogenin."
Biochemistry 48:3804-3806(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments inhibit translation initiation."
Mol. Cell 43:613-623(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of human angiogenin reveals the structural basis for its functional divergence from ribonuclease."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:2915-2919(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular recognition of human angiogenin by placental ribonuclease inhibitor -- an X-ray crystallographic study at 2.0-A resolution."
EMBO J. 16:5162-5177(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Refined crystal structures of native human angiogenin and two active site variants: implications for the unique functional properties of an enzyme involved in neovascularisation during tumour growth."
J. Mol. Biol. 285:1209-1233(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Binding of phosphate and pyrophosphate ions at the active site of human angiogenin as revealed by X-ray crystallography."
Protein Sci. 10:1669-1676(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystallographic studies on the role of the C-terminal segment of human angiogenin in defining enzymatic potency."
Biochemistry 41:2552-2562(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The crystal structure of human angiogenin in complex with an antitumor neutralizing antibody."
Structure 11:875-885(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystallographic studies on structural features that determine the enzymatic specificity and potency of human angiogenin: Thr44, Thr80, and residues 38-41."
Biochemistry 43:1230-1241(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Three-dimensional solution structure of human angiogenin determined by 1H,15N-NMR spectroscopy -- characterization of histidine protonation states and pKa values."
Eur. J. Biochem. 250:712-726(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mechanisms of loss of functions of human angiogenin variants implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."
PLoS ONE 7:E32479-E32479(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A novel candidate region for ALS on chromosome 14q11.2."
Neurology 63:1936-1938(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"ANG mutations segregate with familial and 'sporadic' amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."
Nat. Genet. 38:411-413(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Angiogenin loss-of-function mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."
Ann. Neurol. 62:609-617(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization of human angiogenin variants implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."
Biochemistry 46:11810-11818(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of new ANG gene mutations in a large cohort of Italian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."
Neurogenetics 9:33-40(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A novel angiogenin gene mutation in a sporadic patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from southern Italy."
Neuromuscul. Disord. 18:68-70(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"SOD1, ANG, TARDBP and FUS mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a United States clinical testing lab experience."
Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. 13:217-222(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Computational and functional characterization of Angiogenin mutations, and correlation with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."
PLoS ONE 9:E111963-E111963(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]