Cluster Of Differentiation 28 (CD28)

Tp44; T-Cell-Specific Surface Glycoprotein

SPN	W159
HGNC	1653
MGI	88327
PubMed	11244036
RGD	2299
UniProt	P10747
Wiki	CD28

The cluster of differentiation (CD) antigen CD28 is a 44kDa, disulphide-bonded, homodimeric glycoprotein, which is constitutively expressed on the surface of the majority of T-cells.CD28 is structurally very closely related to another molecule expressed in activated T-cells, CTLA-4. In particular, the hinge region is completely conserved for both molecules. Also CTLA-4 and CD28 were shown to be very similar at the message and at the gene structure level. The corresponding genes co-map on human chromosome 2q33.Ligation of CD28 by its counter receptor, B7, expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells, has been shown to induce signals that, in synergy with those derived from engagement of the T-cell receptor by an antigen bound to a major histocompatibilty complex, enhance proliferation and cytokine production.

Reference

"Molecular cloning of a CD28 cDNA by a high-efficiency COS cell expression system."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:8573-8577(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The genomic organization of the CD28 gene. Implications for the regulation of CD28 mRNA expression and heterogeneity."
J. Immunol. 145:344-352(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A novel CD28 mRNA variant and simultaneous presence of various CD28 mRNA isoforms in human T lymphocytes."
Hum. Immunol. 63:20-23(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"A novel costimulatory signaling in human T lymphocytes by a splice variant of CD28."
Blood 99:2138-2145(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4."
Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Assembly and annotation of human chromosome 2q33 sequence containing the CD28, CTLA4, and ICOS gene cluster: analysis by computational, comparative, and microarray approaches."
Genomics 78:155-168(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry."
Anal. Chem. 76:2763-2772(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mass-spectrometric identification and relative quantification of N-linked cell surface glycoproteins."
Nat. Biotechnol. 27:378-386(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of a soluble CD28-Fab complex."
Nat. Immunol. 6:271-279(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"High resolution crystal structure of the Grb2 SH2 domain with a phosphopeptide derived from CD28."
PLoS ONE 8:E74482-E74482(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]