Perforin 1 (PRF1)

FLH2; HPLH2; P1; PFP; Pore Forming Protein; Cytolysin; Lymphocyte pore-forming protein

SPN	V515
HGNC	9360
MGI	97551
PubMed	2783486
RGD	708463
UniProt	P14222
Wiki	PRF1

Perforin is a cytolytic protein found in the granules of CD8 T-cells and NK cells. Perforin is a cytolytic protein found in the granules of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cells. Upon degranulation, perforin inserts itself into the target cell's plasma membrane, forming a pore. The lytic membrane-inserting part of perforin is the MACPF domain. This region shares homology with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from Gram-positive bacteria. Perforin has structural and functional similarities to complement component 9 (C9). Like C9, this protein creates transmembrane tubules and is capable of lysing non-specifically a variety of target cells. This protein is one of the main cytolytic proteins of cytolytic granules, and it is known to be a key effector molecule for T-cell- and natural killer-cell-mediated cytolysis.

Reference

"Structure and function of human perforin."
Nature 335:448-451(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular cloning and chromosomal assignment of a human perforin (PFP) gene."
Immunogenetics 30:452-457(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure of the human perforin gene. A simple gene organization with interesting potential regulatory sequences."
J. Immunol. 143:4267-4274(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

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Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10."
Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Target cell-induced perforin mRNA turnover in NK3.3 cells is mediated by multiple elements within the mRNA coding region."
Mol. Immunol. 33:341-349(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human autoreactive CD4+ T cell clones use perforin- or Fas/Fas ligand-mediated pathways for target cell lysis."
J. Immunol. 158:2756-2761(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Perforin, Fas/Fas ligand, and TNF-alpha pathways as specific and bystander killing mechanisms of hepatitis C virus-specific human CTL."
J. Immunol. 158:5283-5291(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry."
J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Perforin activates clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis, which is required for plasma membrane repair and delivery of granzyme B for granzyme-mediated apoptosis."
Blood 115:1582-1593(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human perforin employs different avenues to damage membranes."
J. Biol. Chem. 286:2946-2955(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Reciprocal granzyme/perforin-mediated death of human regulatory and responder T cells is regulated by interleukin-2 (IL-2)."
J. Mol. Med. 88:577-588(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Localization and molecular modelling of the membrane-inserted domain of the ninth component of human complement and perforin."
Mol. Immunol. 27:589-602(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The structural basis for membrane binding and pore formation by lymphocyte perforin."
Nature 468:447-451(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Perforin gene defects in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis."
Science 286:1957-1959(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Spectrum of perforin gene mutations in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis."
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:590-597(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers."
Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]