Cluster Of Differentiation 19 (CD19)

B4; B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4; T-cell surface antigen Leu-12

SPN	U968
HGNC	1633
MGI	88319
PubMed	8528044
RGD	1309086
UniProt	P15391
Wiki	CD19

Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. This gene encodes a cell surface molecule which assembles with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation.CD19 is expressed on follicular dendritic cells and B cells. In fact, it is present on B cells from earliest recognizable B-lineage cells during development to B-cell blasts but is lost on maturation to plasma cells. It primarily acts as a B cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81. The cytoplasmic tail of CD19 becomes phosphorylated which leads to binding by Src-family kinases and recruitment of PI-3 kinase.

Reference

"CD19, the earliest differentiation antigen of the B cell lineage, bears three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an Epstein-Barr virus-related cytoplasmic tail."
J. Exp. Med. 168:1205-1210(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily."
J. Immunol. 143:712-717(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The promoter of the CD19 gene is a target for the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP."
Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2662-2672(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Structure of the genes encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes."
Immunogenetics 35:102-111(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Polymorphisms of human CD19 gene: possible association with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese."
Genes Immun. 3:S21-S30(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16."
Nature 432:988-994(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"CD19 is a substrate of the antigen receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase in human B cells."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:222-225(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 in pre-B and mature B cells."
EMBO J. 12:2691-2696(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Systematic analysis of the role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines in enhancement of activation in Daudi human B cells: clustering of phospholipase C and Vav and of Grb2 and Sos with different CD19 tyrosines."
J. Immunol. 164:3123-3131(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An antibody-deficiency syndrome due to mutations in the CD19 gene."
N. Engl. J. Med. 354:1901-1912(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage."
Science 316:1160-1166(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]