Peptidase Inhibitor 3, Skin Derived (PI3)

SKALP; ESI; WAP3; WFDC14; Elafin; Skin-Derived Antileukoproteinase; Cementoin; Elastase-specific inhibitor; WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 14

SPN	U008
HGNC	8947
PubMed	7983189
UniProt	P19957
Wiki	PI3

Elafin is an elastase-specific inhibitor, which contains a WAP-type four-disulfide core (WFDC) domain, and is thus a member of the WFDC domain family. Chang et al. and Schalkwijk et al. described a low molecular weight elastase inhibitor derived from psoriatic skin and termed SKALP for 'skin-derived antileukoproteinase.' They demonstrated that this inhibitor can be found in the epidermis of several inflammatory skin diseases, but not in normal human epidermis. Wiedow et al. referred to this molecule as elafin, and Sallenave and Ryle referred to it as elastase-specific inhibitor. It is found in the urine of psoriatic patients, and immunohistochemical studies showed that SKALP/elafin is found in the suprabasal differentiated keratinocytes of psoriatic epidermis. Molhuizen et al. isolated a precursor of SKALP/elafin from cultured keratinocytes and cloned its cDNA.

Reference

"Primary structure of the human elafin precursor preproelafin deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its gene and the presence of unique repetitive sequences in the prosegment."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185:240-245(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"SKALP/elafin: an elastase inhibitor from cultured human keratinocytes. Purification, cDNA sequence, and evidence for transglutaminase cross-linking."
J. Biol. Chem. 268:12028-12032(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Characterization and gene sequence of the precursor of elafin, an elastase-specific inhibitor in bronchial secretions."
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 8:439-445(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."
Nature 414:865-871(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Elafin: an elastase-specific inhibitor of human skin. Purification, characterization, and complete amino acid sequence."
J. Biol. Chem. 265:14791-14795(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Erratum
J. Biol. Chem. 266:3356-3356(1991)

"Purification and characterization of elastase-specific inhibitor. Sequence homology with mucus proteinase inhibitor."
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 372:13-21(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Isolation of elafin and elastase-specific inhibitor (ESI) from bronchial secretions. Evidence of sequence homology and immunological cross-reactivity."
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 373:27-33(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP), an elastase inhibitor from human keratinocytes. Purification and biochemical properties."
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1096:148-154(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Crystal structure of an elastase-specific inhibitor elafin complexed with porcine pancreatic elastase determined at 1.9-A resolution."
Biochemistry 35:11570-11576(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Solution structure of R-elafin, a specific inhibitor of elastase."
J. Mol. Biol. 268:666-677(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]