Growth Hormone 2 (GH2)

GH-V; GHL; GHV; hGH-V; Growth Hormone Variant; Placenta-Specific Growth Hormone; Placental Specific Growth Hormone

SPN	T904
HGNC	4262
PubMed	24035309
UniProt	P01242
Wiki	GH2

Growth hormone variant is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. As in the case of its pituitary counterpart, growth hormone 1, the predominant isoform of this particular family member shows similar somatogenic activity, with reduced lactogenic activity. Mutations in this gene lead to placental growth hormone/lactogen deficiency.

Reference

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DNA 1:239-249(1982) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Two distinct species of human growth hormone-variant mRNA in the human placenta predict the expression of novel growth hormone proteins."
J. Biol. Chem. 263:9001-9006(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cloning and nucleotide sequence of placental hGH-V cDNA."
Arch. Int. Physiol. Biochim. 96:63-67(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and evolution."
Genomics 4:479-497(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Cloning of two novel growth hormone transcripts expressed in human placenta."
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:2878-2885(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complex signatures of locus-specific selective pressures and gene conversion on human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin genes."
Hum. Mutat. 29:1181-1193(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human protein factory for converting the transcriptome into an in vitro-expressed proteome."
Nat. Methods 5:1011-1017(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage."
Nature 440:1045-1049(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of placental human growth hormone as the growth hormone-V gene expression product."
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71:15-18(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Growth hormone heterogeneity in human pituitary and plasma."
Horm. Res. 51 Suppl. 1:2-6(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]