Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC)

AADC; Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase; DOPA decarboxylase

SPN	Q335
HGNC	2719
MGI	94876
PubMed	16740595
RGD	2494
UniProt	P20711
Wiki	DDC

DOPA decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) is an enzyme implicated in 2 metabolic pathways, synthesizing 2 important neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin. Following the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DDC decarboxylates L-DOPA to form dopamine. This neurotransmitter is found in different areas of the brain and is particularly abundant in basal ganglia. Dopamine is also produced by DDC in the sympathetic nervous system and is the precursor of the catecholaminergic hormones, noradrenaline and adrenaline in the adrenal medulla. In the nervous system, tryptophan hydroxylase produces 5-OH tryptophan, which is decarboxylated by DDC, giving rise to serotonin. DDC is a homodimeric, pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme.

Reference

"Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase."
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164:1024-1030(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs."
Genomics 13:469-471(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis."
Biochemistry 31:2229-2238(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification and characterization of a novel form of the human L-dopa decarboxylase mRNA."
Neurochem. Res. 29:1817-1823(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7."
Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Identification of a neuron-specific promoter of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene."
Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 17:227-238(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Localisation of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) to chromosome 7p13-->p11 by in situ hybridisation."
Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 61:114-116(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome."
J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Open conformation of human DOPA decarboxylase reveals the mechanism of PLP addition to Group II decarboxylases."
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:20514-20519(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Mutations in the human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene."
J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 21:4-4(1998)

"Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes."
Nat. Genet. 22:231-238(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Erratum
Nat. Genet. 23:373-373(1999)

"Levodopa-responsive aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency."
Ann. Neurol. 55:435-438(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

"Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis."
Neurology 62:1058-1065(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]